Estimands
Everything on Aqrab tagged Estimands — grouped into one landing page so readers can go deeper by problem family instead of bouncing around the archive blind.
When Death Changes the Question: Competing Risks, Intercurrent Events, and Truncation by Death
A practical guide to the boundary between competing risks, intercurrent events, and truncation by death for clinical researchers. Covers when death changes risk sets, when it makes later outcomes undefined, and what reviewers should demand instead of vague censoring language.
Intercurrent Events in Clinical Trials: When Rescue Therapy and Death Are Not Missing Data
A practical guide to intercurrent events for clinical researchers. Covers rescue therapy, treatment switching, discontinuation, death, estimand strategy choices, and what reviewers should demand before trusting the headline effect.
Per-Protocol Effects: The Estimand Everyone Wants and the Bias Trap They Usually Build
A practical guide to per-protocol effects for clinical researchers. Covers sustained-adherence estimands, naive as-treated failure, selection bias after protocol deviation, and what reviewers should demand before trusting per-protocol claims.
Estimands: The Causal Question You Should Define Before Running the Analysis
A practical guide to estimands for clinical researchers. Covers treatment strategies, intercurrent events, target populations, summary measures, and why many studies fail because they never define the actual causal question clearly.
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