Missing Data
Everything on Aqrab tagged Missing Data — grouped into one landing page so readers can go deeper by problem family instead of bouncing around the archive blind.
Jump-to-Reference Imputation: When Missing Outcomes Start Borrowing the Control Arm's Future
A practical guide to jump-to-reference imputation for clinical researchers. Covers what J2R assumes after treatment discontinuation, when it helps sensitivity analysis, and when it quietly answers the wrong estimand.
Last Observation Carried Forward: When Yesterday's Outcome Pretends the Patient Stopped Changing
A practical guide to last observation carried forward for clinical researchers. Covers why LOCF fails as missing-data strategy, how it can exaggerate or dilute treatment effects, and what reviewers should demand instead.
Missing Indicator Method: When an NA Flag Pretends to Be Missing-Data Strategy
A practical guide to the missing-indicator method for clinical researchers. Covers why NA flags fail for confounding control, when they leave residual bias, and what reviewers should demand before trusting a covariate-adjusted result.
MNAR Sensitivity Analysis: Because “We Assumed MAR” Is Not a Results Section
A practical guide to MNAR sensitivity analysis for clinical researchers. Covers when multiple imputation under MAR is not enough, how to think about missing not at random assumptions, and what reviewers should demand before trusting complete-case comfort.
Multiple Imputation: Missing Data Does Not Become Innocent Because MICE Ran
A practical guide to multiple imputation for clinical researchers. Covers MICE, complete-case failure, MAR versus MNAR, imputation-model design, and why missing data needs causal thinking instead of software ritual.
Informative Censoring: When Dropout Is Part of the Bias
A practical guide to informative censoring for clinical researchers. Covers loss to follow-up, treatment discontinuation, database exit, inverse probability of censoring weights, and why dropout can bias survival and causal estimates when it depends on prognosis.
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