← Back to blog
Topic page3 guides

Unmeasured Confounding

Everything on Aqrab tagged Unmeasured Confounding — grouped into one landing page so readers can go deeper by problem family instead of bouncing around the archive blind.

Causal InferenceUnmeasured ConfoundingObservational Studies

Proximal Causal Inference: What to Do When Unmeasured Confounding Is Still on the Table

A practical guide to proximal causal inference for clinical researchers. Covers proxy variables, treatment-inducing versus outcome-inducing proxies, bridge functions, completeness, and why this method is powerful but brutally assumption-heavy.

2026-04-18·17 min read
Causal InferenceSensitivity AnalysisUnmeasured Confounding

E-values & Sensitivity Analysis: How to Stress-Test Causal Claims

A practical guide to the one question every observational study must answer: how strong would an unmeasured confounder have to be to erase your result? Covers E-values, confidence-limit interpretation, Rosenbaum bounds, negative controls, and the reporting language reviewers trust.

2026-04-05·16 min read
Causal InferenceInstrumental VariablesUnmeasured Confounding

Instrumental Variables: When Observational Data Meets Unmeasured Confounding

When PSM and regression fail because of unmeasured confounding, IV methods offer a way forward. A practical guide covering instruments, LATE, Mendelian randomization, and the exclusion restriction.

2026-03-26·14 min read

Explore more topics

These are ranked by how often they appear alongside Unmeasured Confounding, so the next click is more likely to be useful than random.

Browse all 87 guides